Inheritance pattern for pod lenghth and ovule number in wide crosses among Cajanus and Atylosia species

Summary Six interspecific/intergeneric F₂ populations involving two cultivars of C. cajan and five Atylosia species were scored for segregation patterns for pod length and ovule number. It was observed that for both characters the F₂ means and the ranges were correspondingly lower than the midparent values and the spread of the two parents. However, the intrageneric cross of A. lineata and A. scarabaeoides showed transgressive segregation for pod length and the F₂ mean and range were correspondingly larger than the midparent value and spread of the two parents, suggesting the usefulness of combining ability test for choice of suitable parents.     

陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区川旱地不同耕作法的土壤水分效应

利用一元四次方程模型很好模拟川旱地小不同耕作法的土壤水分动态及耗水量动态规律，根据回归曲线将土壤水分动态分为四个阶段，不同耕作法在不同阶段失墒量显然不同。小麦在整个生育期土壤失墒量趋势为：垄沟＋覆盖＞平播＋垄沟。同时认为，小麦生育前期耗水量对产量贡献甚微，生育后期耗水量对产量贡献较大，垄沟耕作在小麦生育前期比平播的水分损耗要多，垄沟的增产作用主要表现在生长后期，为了避免生长前期失墒量及耗水量较大，     

低剂量辐射对小麦与窄颖赖草属间杂交的促进与损伤双重效应

以小麦、窄颖赖草为材料 ,研究了低剂量γ射线辐照花粉对远缘杂交的作用。结果表明 ,适宜低剂量 (5～ 9Gy)辐照花粉能克服杂交不亲和性提高杂交结实率 ,但同时也有一定损伤 ,种子胚胎发育受到一定影响 ,表现出低剂量辐射的双重效应。     

Drought pretreatment increases the salinity resistance of tomato plants

Agricultural productivity is worldwide subjected to increasing salinity problems. Various strategies are applied to overcome the deleterious effects of salinity on plants. This study was conducted in order to determine whether drought pretreatment of seedlings or seed pretreatment with NaCl increases the long‐term salinity resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and whether the adaptive response to salinity is accompanied by physiological changes throughout the plant‐growth cycle. When plants were pretreated at the five‐leaf growth stage, the plant dry weight was significantly higher in drought‐pretreated than in non‐pretreated plants after 50 d of salt treatment. The positive effect of drought pretreatment applied at the five‐leaf stage was maintained throughout the entire growth cycle, as fruit yield of drought‐pretreated plants was 40% higher than that of non‐pretreated plants at the end of the harvest period (150 d of 70 mM NaCl treatment). Moreover, the most productive plants maintained lower Na⁺ and Cl^– accumulation in their leaves until the end of the growth cycle, which shows that adaptation is a long‐term response during which the plants adjust their physiology to the environmental conditions. Salt resistance was also improved through seed pretreatment with NaCl. In conclusion, drought pretreatment applied at the five‐leaf stage or seed pretreatment with NaCl provide an alternative way to enhance salt resistance in tomato, and the increase in yield is associated with physiological changes throughout the plant‐growth cycle.     

春玉米、冬小麦涌泉灌溉与垄膜沟种的组合应用试验

涌泉灌溉用于大田作物主要问题是流量小，沟、畦横断面大，水流在田间很难向前推进。为此将其与垄膜沟种技术组合，缩小过水横断面，减小或杜绝侧渗，提高水流推进能力,这样可最大限度地减少灌水器(稳流器)数量，改善灌水质量,提高田间土壤水分的均匀度,进而为涌泉灌溉用于大田作物提供了可能性。采用涌泉灌溉配套垄膜沟种耕作方式，提高了降水的有效利用率，减少了灌水量与灌水次数、减少了棵间土壤水蒸发、农田耗水比一般大田灌溉节省28.3%。由于灌水量可控,比一般地面灌溉节约28%～47%。     

稻田长期垄作免耕对土壤肥力性状的影响研究

以长期田间定位试验为基本材料,研究了长期垄作免耕对稻田土壤肥力性状的影响.结果表明稻田长期垄作免耕有利于土壤结构的形成,土壤中＜0.01mm土粒团聚度增大,＞0.01mm有机微团聚体和＞0.01mm铁、铝-有机微团聚体所占比例表现为不同程度的提高,＞0.01mm元机微团聚体和钙、镁-有机微团聚体显著下降.免耕10年后,稻田长期垄作免耕土壤表层有机质含量提高,0～10cm土层的有机质含量达47.5g/kg,比常规平作高41.1%,比水旱轮作高51.3%,比试验前增加了89.0%;随着土壤层次的下移,各处理的土壤有机质含量降低.垄作免耕与常规平作和水旱轮作相比,土壤中的氮、磷、钾含量增加,稻田垄作免耕有利于土壤的定向培肥.     

籼型杂交稻不育系农A的选育

用珍汕９７Ｂ×钢枝占的后代与珍汕９７Ａ连续回交１８代育成的籼型杂交水稻不育系农Ａ,株高８３．７ｃｍ左右,播种至抽穗天数早季７５ｄ,晚季７６ｄ,株型紧凑,叶片数１４片,每穗粒数２４５．４粒,千粒重２３ｇ,长粒型,颖壳淡金色。自交结实率为０％,花粉总不育度９９．９９％,柱头外露率７５％左右,颖花张开角度较大、异交率高、繁殖制种产量高。经与多个恢复系配组,其产量及构成产量因素的性状的配合力均较强。     

禽流感H9亚型流行毒株交叉免疫保护试验

采用北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所1998年-2008年在北京及河北省分离的4株禽流感病毒H9亚型流行毒株,分别制备不同分离毒株灭活疫苗,免疫SPF鸡,进行交叉免疫保护试验。结果表明,用4个不同时期的分离毒株所制备出的灭活疫苗免疫鸡后,各免疫组鸡禽流感(H9亚型)的HI抗体效价均明显上升,所诱导产生的HI抗体效价基本相同;不同时期分离毒株大多产生了较好的交叉保护力。用1998年、2004年及2006年分离的流行毒株制备出的灭活疫苗能够保护2008年流行毒株的攻击。     

关于河源梁涧区重点治理分析──以32条重点治理小流域为例

河源梁涧区为黄土丘陵沟壑区的重要地貌类型。该对河源梁涧区的地形地貌特征作了详细描述，通过实地调查，并结合３２条重点小流域治理，对该区进行了系统的分析及经验总结，特别是对固沟保涧，引洪漫地作了深入的分析，提出了河源梁涧区的治理模式，对该区治理与开发具有拽导意义。